Java introduction

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6. It helps to create reusable code and modular programs.

Java is a class-based, object-oriented programming language and is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.

4. JRE installation on our computers allows the java program to run, however, we cannot compile it. In accordance with James Gosling, Java the among the top names along with Silk, and since java was a unique name so most of them preferred it.

Java is the name of an island in Indonesia where the first coffee(named java coffee) was produced. Sandbox Execution: Java programs run in a separate space that allows user to execute their applications without affecting the underlying system with help of a bytecode verifier. So, as the name suggests, it is a complete Java development kit that includes everything including compiler, Java Runtime Environment (JRE), java debuggers, java docs, etc. There are three execution phases of a program. JRE includes a browser, JVM, applet supports, and plugins. Sun generated revenue from Java through the selling of licenses for specialized products such as the Java Enterprise System.

On November 13, 2006, Sun released much of its Java virtual machine as free, open-source software. It is a simple programming language. That is why we call java a platform-independent language.

2. James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton, a team of Sun engineers known as the Green team initiated the Java language in 1991. This bytecode can run on any platform be it Windows, Linux, macOS which means if we compile a program on Windows, then we can run it on Linux and vice versa. To delete or recollect that memory JVM has a program called Garbage Collector. Introduction to Java

JAVA was developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems Inc in the year 1991, later acquired by Oracle Corporation. If you want to include external libraries they should be added to the classpath.

Primary/Main Features of Java

1. Garbage Collector: In Java, programmers can’t delete the objects. Each operating system has a different JVM, but the output produced by all the OS is the same after the execution of bytecode. The syntax of Java is similar to c/c++.

History

Java’s history is very interesting. It provides no-cost -run-times on popular platforms. Java Runtime Environment (JRE): JDK includes JRE. Platform Independent: Compiler converts source code to bytecode and then the JVM executes the bytecode generated by the compiler. It is a programming language created in 1991. It takes Java program as input and generates bytecode as output.

In the Running phase of a program, JVM executes the bytecode generated by the compiler.

Now, we understood that the function of Java Virtual Machine is to execute the bytecode produced by the compiler. With the arrival of Java 2, new versions had multiple configurations built for different types of platforms.

In 1997, Sun Microsystems approached the ISO standards body and later formalized Java, but it soon withdrew from the process. It is saved as .class file by the compiler. That’s why several security flaws like stack corruption or buffer overflow is impossible to exploit in Java. But java integrates arising enormous power as Java compiler compiles the source code to bytecode and JVM executes this bytecode to machine OS-dependent executable code. Note that Java is just a name, not an acronym.

Java Terminology

Before learning Java, one must be familiar with these common terms of Java.

1. Object-Oriented Programming Language: Organizing the program in the terms of collection of objects is a way of object-oriented programming, each of which represents an instance of the class.

The four main concepts of Object-Oriented programming are:

Abstraction

Encapsulation

Inheritance

Polymorphism

3. Java Development Kit(JDK): While we were using the term JDK, when we learn about bytecode and JVM . On May 8, 2007, Sun finished the process, making all of its JVM’s core code available under open-source distribution terms.

The principles for creating java were simple, robust, secured, high performance, portable, multi-threaded, interpreted, dynamic, etc. Why?

After the name OAK, the team decided to give a new name to it and the suggested words were Silk, Jolt, revolutionary, DNA, dynamic, etc. A general-purpose programming language made for developers to write once run anywhere that is compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java. Currently, Java is used in mobile devices, internet programming, games, e-business, etc.

Java programming language is named JAVA. So Java makes the life of a programmer easy by handling memory management. Bytecode verifier also provides additional security as it’s role is to check the code for any violation access.

12. Portable: As we know, java code written on one machine can be run on another machine. These all names were easy to spell and fun to say, but they all wanted the name to reflect the essence of technology. Every Operating System has a different JVM but the output they produce after the execution of bytecode is the same across all the operating systems. This is why Java is known as a platform-independent language.

2. High Performance: Java architecture is defined in such a way that it reduces overhead during the runtime and at some time java uses Just In Time (JIT) compiler where the compiler compiles code on-demand basics where it only compiles those methods that are called making applications to execute faster.

10. Write Once Run Anywhere: As discussed above java application generates ‘.class’ file which corresponds to our applications(program) but contains code in binary format. Java Virtual Machine(JVM): This is generally referred to as JVM. By default, JDK provides many libraries. Secure: In java, we don’t have pointers, and so we cannot access out-of-bound arrays i.e it shows ArrayIndexOutOfBound Exception if we try to do so. Bytecode in the Development process: As discussed, the Javac compiler of JDK compiles the java source code into bytecode so that it can be executed by JVM. Garbage Collectors can recollect the of objects that are not referenced. Remote Method Invocation and Enterprise Java Beans are used for creating distributed applications in java. For the program to execute in java, we need to install JDK on our computer in order to create, compile and run the java program.

4. Simple: Java is one of the simple languages as it does not have complex features like pointers, operator overloading, multiple inheritances, Explicit memory allocation. The platform-independent feature of java in which its platform-independent bytecode can be taken to any platform for execution makes java portable.

9. Sun Microsystems released its first public implementation in 1996 as Java 1.0. ClassPath: The classpath is the file path where the java runtime and Java compiler look for .class files to load. They are written, compile and run the program.

Writing a program is done by a java programmer like you and me.

The compilation is done by the JAVAC compiler which is a primary Java compiler included in the Java development kit (JDK). Distributed: We can create distributed applications using the java programming language. Because Garbage cannot recover the memory of objects being referenced.

6. For running the java program, a computer needs JRE.

5. Java makes writing, compiling, and debugging programming easy. James Gosling in 1995 developed Java, who is known as the Father of Java. Multithreading: Java supports multithreading. And this name was chosen by James Gosling while having coffee near his office. Power of compilation and interpretation: Most languages are designed with purpose either they are compiled language or they are interpreted language. Dynamic flexibility: Java being completely object-oriented gives us the flexibility to add classes, new methods to existing classes and even creating new classes through sub-classes. Robust: Java language is robust that means reliable. The main features of java that make it robust are garbage collection, Exception Handling, and memory allocation.

5. At one time, Sun made most of its Java implementations available without charge, despite their proprietary software status. However, programmers should be careful about their code whether they are using objects that have been used for a long time. It is a Java feature that allows concurrent execution of two or more parts of a program for maximum utilization of CPU.

8. The java programs can be easily distributed on one or more systems that are connected to each other through an internet connection.

7. Java applications are compiled to byte code that can run on any Java Virtual Machine. Java1.0 compiler was re-written in Java by Arthur Van Hoff to strictly comply with its specifications. It provides ease t architecture-neutral ease as by te code is not dependent on any machine architecture. It is developed in such a way that it puts a lot of effort into checking errors as early as possible, that is why the java compiler is able to detect even those errors that are not easy to detect by another programming language. Java even supports functions written in other languages such as C, C++ which are referred to as native methods.

11. It is the primary reason java is used in the enterprising IT industry globally worldwide.

13. To view the by te code, a disassembler like java p can be used.